"Happy New Year 2010"

Year 2009 will be leaving soon..
Everyone give new hopes to 2010.
2009 will be history
2010 is mystery
Now is a gift... that why it's called 'present'
I wish happy new year 2010!
I wish wonderful life ahead to everyone!!

"boys vs girls"

I received recent mail that put me out to post it in the blog; i definitely love to have that kind of expression. It's slightly true and it might be shared with and as guidance for us especially for those who have looking for "human charectoristic on gender"..

I have no idea the facts are true or not, but most what i seen are correct. I learned that understanding of human charecter may lead us to become 'naturalist'. huh~

Please take a look;- cheers!

"good lesson"

Look at yourself in the mirror,
Smile and say hi"
then practice every morning,
You will see the result in couple weeks,
The people surrounding you will smile..

Smile face..it's a millions dollar value..
Please try" :)

Jokke Ver IV

A popular motivational speaker was entertaining his Audience.
He Said: "The best years of my life were spent in the arms of a woman who wasn't my wife!"
The audience was in silence and shock.
The speaker added: "And that woman was my mother!"
Laughter and Applause!!!
A week later, a top manager trained by the Motivational speaker tried to crack this very effective joke At home. He was a bit foggy after a drink. He said loudly to His wife who was preparing dinner, "The greatest years of my life were spent in the arms of a woman who was not my Wife!"The wife went; "ahhhh!" with shock and rage.S
tanding there for 20 seconds trying to recall the second Half of the joke, the manager finally blurted out "...and I can't remember who she was!"
By the time the manager regained his consciousness, he was on a hospital bed nursing burns from boiling water.
Moral of the story...Don't Copy if you can't PASTE

When Ramadhan..

People eat early morning

People stop eating daytime..

People went to "tarawih" night time

People went to bazaar ramadhan evening time

People go back early from work to prepare foods..

People are more concerned about their attitutes and gratitude..

People are more regret about sins they have done..

People are more close to the home-of-God

People are more tired and less talk

People are more patient

People start wishing..

Happy Ramadhan

So do i...

"May this Ramadhan full of blessed and happiness"

To my lovely wife,

This song is dedicated special for you. Happy 3rd anniversary!!

"Tamally maak"
Tamally maak
We law hata ba eed any,
Fe alby hawak.

Tamally maaktamally
fe baly we fe alby
Wala bansak
Tamally waheshny,
Low hata akoon waiak.

Tamally maak
We law hata ba eed any
Fe alby hawak.

Tamally maak
Tamally fe baly we fe alby
Wala bansak
Tamally waheshny,
Low hata akoon waiak.

Tamally habibi bashtaklak
Tamally alaya men badlak
We law hawalaya kol el doon
Bardo ya habibi bahtaglak.

Tamally habibi bashtaklak
Tamally alaya men badlak
We law hawalaya kol el doon
Bardo ya habibi bahtaglak.

Tamally maak
Maak alby, maak rohy
Ya aghla habib
Ya aghla habib.

We mahma tekoon baeed any
Le alby areeb.
Ya omry el gai wel hader,
Ya aghla naseeb.

Tamally maak
Maak alby, maak omry
Ya aghla habib
Ya aghla habib

We mahma tekoon baeed any
Le alby areeb.
Ya omry el gai wel hader,
Ya aghla naseeb.

Tamally habibi bashtaklak
Tamally alaya men badlak
We law hawalaya kol el doon
Bardo ya habibi bahtaglak.

Tamally habibi bashtaklak
Tamally alaya men badlak
We law hawalaya kol el doon
Bardo ya habibi bahtaglak.

Tamally habibi bashtaklak
Tamally alaya men badlak
We law hawalaya kol el doon
Bardo ya habibi bahtaglak.

Tamally habibi bashtaklak
Tamally alaya men badlak
We law hawalaya kol el doon
Bardo ya habibi bahtaglak.

“Always With you”
I am always with you.
And even when your far away from me,
Your love is in my heart.

I am always with you.
You're always on my mind and in my heart.
I never forget you.I always miss you,Even if I am with you.

I am always with you.
And even when your far away from me,
Your love is in my heart.

I am always with you.
You're always on my mind and in my heart.
I never forget you.
I always miss you,
Even if I am with you.

I am always longing for you darling.
I always need you and nobody else.
And if I'm surrounded by the whole world,
I still need you, my darling.

I am always longing for you darling.
I always need you and nobody else.
And if I'm surrounded by the whole world,
I still need you, my darling.

I am always with you.
You have my heart and my soul
My most precious love.
My most precious love.

And no matter if you away from me,
You are close to my heart.
You are life in the future and the present.
And the most beautiful of fates.

I am always with you.
You have my heart and my life
My most precious love.
My most precious love.

And no matter if you away from me,
You are close to my heart.
You are life in the future and the present.
And the most beautiful of fates.

I am always longing for you darling.
I always need you and nobody else.
And if I'm surrounded by the whole world,
I still need you, my darling.

I am always longing for you darling.I
always need you and nobody else.
And if I'm surrounded by the whole world,
I still need you, my darling.

I am always longing for you darling.
I always need you and nobody else.
And if I'm surrounded by the whole world,
I still need you, my darling.

I am always longing for you darling.
I always need you and nobody else.
And if I'm surrounded by the whole world,
I still need you, my darling.

Appreciate to be appreciated

Wah..everyone wish to be appereciated even from profesisonals level to the workers level. But how we express and show our appreciation anyway? Is it by saying "thank you" is good enough? I believe a lot of people doesn't realized it when being appreciated and not appreciating helps. Let me define my understading of appreciate at the first place: It's form of words, materials, sign, gesture or anything that responsed to people's feeling/ emotions. Definately A Good Feeling. Feel happy becaused of helping other. That the emotion to deliver.

In the office a lot of professionals even a tea lady are familar with word "thank you" after being assisted. Somehow, the "thank you" culture only meaningless fo some cases. For instance, the tea lady/ cleaner enter the room of big boss and do cleaning. And after clean the desk, floor, vacuming and so on..the tea lady left the room and say "thank you" to the big boss. Hope that the bonus will getting higher this year. May I correct this situation of giving appreciation is definately wrong! and the intention of doing works definately no sincere at all.

Just came cross my minds that even we appreciate people, we have really need to meant it. Good expression of voice, good tone of voice.. rather than say "thank you!!!*&*(^()"
Well, what i intend to write here are the importance of appeciate people in the right way and manners. Doesn't matter how we say it, but how we meant it.

Appreciate also can be done by giving flowers, presents, cards or anykind of arts to express our good feeling towards the help given. My observations seeing peoples through appreciation are in so sorry state. They might really meant their appreciation but somehow they did wrong way. For instance again; Boss asking their staff to urgently finish off the work. He is really appreciate their staff by done so. But is it good enough for them to obtain high mark on appraisal and promotions? I think it is much better for boss to discover the meaning of appreciate. Yah, of course it is the designated work for them to done it. But, I prefer if the staff is being appreciated and had a good feeling doing the works. Rather than wait end of year to obtained their remuneration. Boss appreciated their staff very well, but the way appeciation they might have done should be polished. I believe that the word "Good feeling" to others is very importance. Sometime, "thank you" is means a lot.

When we have good feeling, everything we do, we will do the best and full of sinceres. I encourage myself and everybody when being helped, we might repeat their favor many times only after they are smiled and denied it. Can works?

When we talking..

When we talking, we want to be listened,
When someone's talking, we need to understand,
When both are talking, no one will listen
It's an argumant

Talk fact is the point to win situation
Talk true the point of sincere and honesty
Talk fact even not true may lead to win the argument
It's a manupulated

Talk when necessary is a education
Talk at wrong time is an ignorance
Talk and listen is a discussion
It's a professional

Talk talk and talk is a mumble
Talk much is agresive
Talk less is learning process
It's a learn from listening

When we eager to talk
And when we eager to contribute idea,
When we eager to listen
And when we eager to learn,
The combination are perfect

Joke Ver III

Heart warming lawyer story ...
One afternoon a lawyer was riding in his limousine when he saw two men along the roadside eating grass.. Disturbed, he ordered his driver to stop and he got out to investigate... He asked one man, "Why are you eating grass?" "We don't have any money for food," the poor man replied. "We have to eat grass." "Well, then, you can come with me to my house and I'll feed you," the lawyer said. "But sir, I have a wife and two children with me. They are over there, under that tree.""Bring them along," the lawyer replied. Turning to the other poor man he stated, "You come with us, also." The second man, in a pitiful voice, then said, "But sir, I also have a wife and SIX children with me!" "Bring them all, as well," the lawyer answered.. They all entered the car, which was no easy task, even for a car as large as the limousine was. Once underway, one of the poor fellows turned to the lawyer and said, "Sir, you are too kind. Thank you for taking all of us with you." The lawyer replied, "Glad to do it. You'll really love my place ... the grass is almost a foot high."

Stress Management Techniques

Since it is almost impossible to avoid stress altogether, it is important to learn how to manage it. Failure to do so could lead to diseases, depression, and an unhealthy, unhappy lifestyle. If you want to avoid kidney failure, heart failure, stroke, high blood pressure, and other related conditions, you must learn proper stress management techniques. Here are a few suggestions to help you cope with, and reduce stress.

Keep things in perspective.
Our perception, or the way we view a problem, determines our response and stress level. It helps greatly if you are able to keep your problems in focus or perspective, in order to develop an appropriate reaction. Everyone experiences annoyances such as having to wait in lines or being stuck in traffic. The initial response of most people is to become annoyed or worried. Instead, you should make a conscious effort to avoid this response and try to relax. Some things are outside of your control and it is pointless and unhealthy to worry or fuss about them. Try focusing on something else that is more pleasant and positive. Sing, whistle, listen to music… do something positive to take your mind off the problem.

Practice assertive behavior.
When dealing with problems try to be assertive rather than aggressive. The theory of assertive behavior is that every person has certain basic rights. If those rights are being infringed then by all means address it… but in a civilized, confident manner. If you have to address the person responsible for causing your problems, maintain eye contact with them, stand or sit straight and steady, and speak confidently in a clear voice. This stress management technique is not always easy, but as you practice it your confidence will begin to increase and you will become better at it. You will find that problems are resolved much more easily and you will maintain a much lower stress level.

Be realistic when setting goals.
Realistic goal setting may sound simple but is an important stress management technique. Very often we set unrealistic goals and then become frustrated and stressed-out when we do not achieve them. The key to proper goal setting is to first understand exactly what it will take to accomplish a particular goal, then assess whether we are equipped to realistically achieve it. Ask yourself questions such as:
Do I have the finances?
Do I have the time?
Do I have the expertise?
Do I have the energy?
Do I have the tools?
Do I have the resources?
Goal setting is a good stress management technique, but only if the goals can be realistically accomplished. Sometimes it is difficult to determine how achievable a goal is, but continuous assessment can help. If you realize that your goals are unrealistic, don’t be afraid to revise them. This will help to make the task less daunting and stressful.

Learn time management.
Time management techniques are an integral part of stress management. If you are able to implement this strategy you will find that you are able to achieve your goals more efficiently and effectively. Time management involves setting priorities and allocating sufficient time to accomplish your tasks.
Keep an appointment book or calendar to organize your time and remind yourself of important dated and events. At the beginning of each day, write down task and events in order of priority. Write next to each event or task the estimated time it would take to complete it. Don’t try to crowd too many things into one day. Make allowances for setbacks and allow yourself time to relax. At the end of each day or at the beginning of the following day, evaluate your list to see what was accomplished and use it as a guide when preparing your next list.
If your are able to implement some of these simple time management techniques into your daily routine, you will find that you are able to accomplish a lot more each day and you will feel less frustrated and stressed out.

Watch your diet and limit certain foods.
Not many people associate diet with stress management, but it plays an important part. Consumption of certain foods can cause chemical reactions that leave you feeling irritated. Eating foods with high amounts of caffeine, such as colas, chocolate, coffee and some teas, and foods with high concentrations of sugar, such as candies and some snacks, can cause you to be irritable and less able to cope with stress. Eating a nutritious, balanced diet will help you look good and perform better, making you less susceptible to stress. A balanced diet is not only necessary for optimizing health but is also a key stress management technique.

Use exercise to reduce stress.
Exercise can be a very beneficial way to reduce stress. It will use up the excess adrenaline produced to prepare you for the fight or flight response, allowing your heart rate, respiration rate, and blood pressure to return to normal. In addition, as you exercise you improve your fitness level, which will keep you from being easily fatigued and better able to cope with negative stressors. Similar to diet, exercise is multi-purpose, in that it is necessary for health optimization and is also an effective stress management technique.

Learn stress diversion activities.
Another useful stress management technique is to participate in activities that can reduce, eliminate, or divert tension. Such activities include:
Listening to your favorite music
Play an instrument
Take a long walk
Take a trip to the beach, park, or shopping mall
Read a good book
Take time to enjoy your pet
Go to a movie or to the zoo
Work on a hobby or craft – write, paint, create something
Participate in sports or recreational activities
Learn something new – a new language or skill
Research things of interest – surf the Internet.

There are many other activities that can be used for relaxation and stress management. Just find something that is enjoyable to you.
Stress management and the ability to cope with stress are important skills for maintaining good physical and mental health. Failure to reduce stress can lead to illnesses such as heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, migraine headaches, stomach ulcers, neck and lower back pains, bowel problems, anxiety, and kidney problems. Stress can also affect certain skin conditions, such as acne and hives. To avoid or minimize many of these conditions, learn to implement and practice at least some of the stress management techniques outlined above.

"You are what you eat"

Joke Ver II

A woman is having an affair during the day while her husband is at work . Her nine-year-old son comes home unexpectedly, sees the illegal lovers and hides in the bedroom cupboard to watch. Then the woman's husband unexpectedly comes home. She hides her lover in the cupboard, not realizing that her little boy is in there already.

The little Boy says: 'Dark in here.'
The Man says: 'Yes, it is.'
Boy: 'I have a soccer ball, do you want to buy it?'
Man: 'No, thanks.'
Boy: 'My dad's outside, I'll call him if you don't buy it!'
Man: 'OK, how much?' Boy: '$1,000.'

A few weeks later it happened again , and the boy and the lover were in the cupboard together again.

Boy: 'Dark in here..'
Man: 'Yes, it is.'
Boy: 'I have soccer boots.'
The Man, remembering the last time, asks the boy: 'How much?'
The Boy says :'$5,000.'
The Man says: 'Fine, I will buy them.'

A few days later, the Father says to the boy: 'Grab your ball and boots, let's go outside and have a game.' The Boy says: 'I can't, I sold them for $ 6,000.'

The Father says: 'That's terrible to overcharge your friends like that... $ 6,000 is way more than those two things cost. I'm going to take you to church and make you confess your 'SINS.'
They go to church and the father makes the little boy sit in the confession booth and he closes the door.

The Boy says: 'Dark in here.'
The Priest says: 'Don't start that again!'

THIS IS MY CHURCH, NOT YOUR FATHER'S HOUSE!!!!

Joke Ver I

Why I fired my secretary...
Last week was my birthday and I didn't feel very well waking up that morning....
I went downstairs for breakfast hoping my wife would be pleasant and say, “HAPPY BIRTHDAY!", and possibly have a present for me.
As it turned out, she barely said good morning, let alone "HAPPY BIRTHDAY.
"I thought...well, that's marriage for you, but the kids will remember. My kids came into breakfast and didn't say a word; :(

So when I left for the office, I was feeling pretty low and somewhat despondent.

As I walked into my office, my secretary Mia said, "Good morning, Boss, “HAPPY BIRTHDAY!"
It felt a little better that at least someone had remembered. I worked until one o'clock and then Mia knocked on my door and said, "You know, it's such beatifyl day outside, and it's your birthday, let's go out to lunch, just you and me".
I said, "thanks Mia, that's the greatesr thing I've heard all day. Let's go!"

We went to lunch, but we didn't go where we normally would go.
We dined instead at a little place with a private table.
We had two martinis each and I enjoyed the meal tremendously on the way back to the office, Mia said,
"You know, it's such a beatiful day...we don't need to go back to the office, do we?"
I responded, "I guess not. What do you have in mind?"
She said, "Let's go to my apartment."
After arriving at her apartment Mia turned to me and said,
"Boss, if you don't mind, I'm going to step into the bedroom for a moment. I'll be right back" "Ok"I nervously replied..

She went into bedroom and, after a couple of minutes, she came out carrying a huge birthday cake... followed by my wife, kids, and dozens of my friends and co-workders, all singing "HAPPY BIRTHDAY". and I just sat there...on the couch...naked..

Eyes catching on greenery and in rainy days

How to Stay Happy Always

1. Throw out nonessential numbers
This includes age, weight and height. Let the doctors worry about them, this is why you pay them.

2. Keep only cheerful friends...
The grouches pull you down. (Keep this in mind if you are one of those grouches!)

3. Keep learning
Learn more about the computer, art, history, gardening, whatever!Never let the brain get idle. 'An idle mind is the devil's workshop.' And the devil's name is Alzheimer's!

4. Enjoy the simple things

5. Laugh often, long and loud
Laugh until you gasp for breath. And if you have a friend who makes you laugh, spend lots and lots of time with him or her!

6. The tears happen
Endure, grieve. Then go on. The only person who is with us our entire life is ourself. LIVE while you are alive. Those who loved you but are gone will understand and applaud!

7. Surround yourself with what you love
Whether it's family, pets, keepsakes, music, plants, hobbies or whatever. Your home is your refuge.

8. Cherish your health
If it is good, preserve it. If it is unstable, improve it. If it is beyond what you can improve, get help.

9. Don't take guilt trips
Take a trip to the mall, even to a foreign country, but NOT to where the guilt is.

10. Tell the people you love that you love them, at every opportunity.

You are what you think..if you think to be happy today, there you are!

Stress

A lecturer,when explaining stress management to an audience,
Raised a glass of water and asked
'How heavy is this glass of water?'

Answers called out ranged from 20g to 500g.
The lecturer replied, 'The absolute weight doesn't matter.
It depends on how long you try to hold it.

If I hold it f or a minute, that's not a problem.

If I hold it for an hour, I'll have an ache in my right arm.

If I hold it for a day, you'll have to call an ambulance.

In each case, it's the same weight, but the longer I hold it, the heavier it becomes.'

He continued,

'And that's the way it is with stress management.

If we carry our burdens all the time, sooner or later,

As the burden becomes increasingly heavy,

We won't be able to carry on. '

'As with the glass of water,

You have to put it down for a while and rest before holding it again.

When we're refreshed, we can carry on with the burden.'

'So, be fore you return home tonight, put the burden of work down.

Don't carry it home.

You can pick it up tomorrow.

Whatever burdens you're carrying now,

Let them down for a moment if you can.'

So, my friend, Put down anything that may be a burden to you right now.

Don't pick it up again until after you've rested a while..

Here are some great ways of dealing with the burdens of life:

1) Accept that some days you're the pigeon, And some days you're the statue.

2) Always keep your words soft and sweet, Just in case you have to eat them.

3) Always wear stuff that will make you look good. If you die in the middle of it.

4) Drive carefully. It's not only cars that can be "Recalled" by their maker.

5) If you can't be kind, at least have the decency to be vague.

6) If you lend someone $20 and never see that person again, It was probably worth it.

7) It may be that your sole purpose in life is simply to be kind to others.

8) Never put both feet in your mouth at the same time, Because then you won't have a leg to
stand on.

9) Nobody cares if you can't dance well. Just get up and dance.

10) Since it's the early worm that gets eaten by the bird, sleep late.

11) The second mouse gets the cheese.

12) When everything's coming your way, You're in the wrong lane.

13) Birthdays are good for you. The more you have, the longer you live.

14) You may be only one person in the world, But you may also be the world to one person.

15) Some mistakes are too much fun to only make once.

16) We could learn a lot from crayons... Some are sharp, some are pretty and some are dull.
Some have weird names, and all are different colors, but they all have to live in the same box.

17) A truly happy person is one who can enjoy the scenery on a detour.

Have an awesome day and know that someone has thought about you today..

Cake - End of the movie Lyrics
Album: Pressure Chief

People you love
Will turn their backs on you
You'll lose your hair
Your teeth
Your knife will fall out of its sheath
But you still don't like to leave before the end of the movie

People you hate will get their hooks into you
They'll pull you down
You'll frown
They'll tar you and drag you through town
But you still don't like to leave before the end of the movie
No you still don't like to leave before the end of the show

People you hate will get their hooks into you
They'll pull you down
You'll frown
They'll tar you and drag you through town
But you still don't like to leave before the end of the movie
No you still don't like to leave before the end of the show

http://searchservice.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=sitesearch.results&type=Music&qry=cake&musictype=0

5 Keys to Happiness
By Greg Soltis, LiveScience Staff

1. Pick good parents
In Happy Land, genes trump environmental factors, according to the experts. And a study in the March issue of the journal Psychological Science scores another point for the gene team: Differences in DNA that could explain why some people tend to have an extra bounce in their step might also underlie the tendency to be more emotionally stable and socially and physically active.

Genes do not provide free passes from the doldrums, and other external factors will still try to mow you down. But, heredity could provide some people with a horde of happiness that they can draw from when the good times aren’t rolling.

And Canadian researchers' ability to genetically stifle depression in mice in 2006 indicates that human happiness could one day be improved by manipulating genes. This was the first time science throttled the throes of any organism. Mice bred to be void of the gene, called TREK-1, acted as if they had been downing anti-depressants for at least three weeks.

2. Give it away
It only takes $5 spent on others to make you happier on a given day, according to a 2008 study. And selfless acts can also help your marriage become a more enjoyable experience for you and your spouse.

After performing good deeds, people are happier and feel their life has more purpose. But is the act selfless if you expect something in return? Maybe it just depends on how you look at it.

3. Ponder this
Think of a happy place. And you, too, like Happy Gilmore, might sink that putt and earn back your grandmother's house — or overcome your own hurdle.

Humans are more resilient than we think and can endure trying times, as demonstrated in a 2005 study that tracked mood changes in dialysis patients. They were in a good mood most of the time despite having their blood cleaned three times a week for at least three months. But healthy patients envisioned a miserable life when asked to imagine adhering to this demanding schedule.

As Winston Churchill said, "A pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity; an optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty."

4. Work out
Consistently breaking a sweat, along with medication and counseling can help people battling depression by sapping lonely and vulnerable feelings.

Exercise improves one's state of mind in part by affecting the body's levels of two chemicals: cortisol and endorphins. The adrenal glands of angry or scared people produce cortisol. This increases blood pressure and blood sugar, weakens the immune response and can lead to organ inflammation and damage. But working out burns cortisol, restoring the body's normal levels.

Running, biking or using an aerobic exercise machine also causes the brain to release endorphins — the body's natural pain relievers — into the bloodstream. The body foregoes the negative side effects of drugs while still experiencing a natural high. To gain the most from your workout, make sure its intensity reflects your stress level. And challenge your body to continually adapt by varying the exercise’s length and intensity.

5. Live long
If you have the right genes and are selfless, optimistic and active but still find yourself down in the dumps, just give it some time.

A study of 2 million people from 80 nations released in January found that depression is most common among adults in their mid-40s. Among Americans, the worst of times hit women around age 40 and men about age 50.

But with age humans are more inclined to filter out the negatives while focusing on what they enjoy.

Americans in their golden years tend to see the glass as half full, despite their increased doctor visits and chemo treatments. After battling cancer, heart disease, diabetes or other health-related obstacles, 500 independent Americans from age 60 to 98 rated their own degree of successful aging as 8.4 on average, with 10 being the highest in a 2005 study.

Happiness, it seems, takes time.

10 most important things in life

I discovered this is interesting topic to talk about and indirectly motivate myself to improves life and setting goals in my entire life. I have many wishes in my life and prays many times as God will always accepting the prayers. I believe in faith and God's will.

Goal is something that we need to manage which is important in our works and our life. It's could be shorten period or long period of goals. No matters what position are we, no matters how much we had been paid; there's a life to face and go.

This morning I explored websites pertaining for this topic and really give me inspired to write; kinda filling my times and do some works brains. First of all, I am not really good in writing.

Life is a journey from where we are to where we want to be. We can choose our own destination. Not only that, we can choose how we are going to get there. Goal setting will help you end up where you want to be.

Here are finding that advices from old man (anonimously) on financial terms to share with:-

1. Be patient
Money must be saved over a long period of time. Don't take high risks for quick returns. Investing is a marathon not a sprint.

2. Take the risks while you are young.
It is ok to take calculated high risks occasionally, but do them when you have time to make it up.

3. Don't gamble
Gambling is for the desperate and the poor. If you must, do small amounts and view it as pure entertainment. You will never make money in the long run gambling. I'm not referring to muslims.

4. Stay healthy.
Good health keeps your mind sharp, your doctor bills low, you lifespan long, and lets you work more to make more money. Healthy people make more money

5. Laugh and Smile
Happy people make more money.

6. Buy a car and keep it for many years or if you need a new one buy one a few years old. A car is one of the biggest waste of money in our lives. People spend too much on new one. Should be buying newer used ones.

7. Everything in moderation.
I learned this from an older customer that used this as his mantra. He said he did everything in moderation from drinking to working. He said it was the key to life

8. Keep the fights clean and the sex dirty
The key to a happy marriage. A good marriage will help you save money or cost you a fortune if it goes bad. People stayed together longer in years past. They were a savings team.

9. Don't spend your money on worthless things.
Don't buy anything at the checkout counter, don't buy collectibles, don't buy all the worthless junk sold around you at the box stores.

10. Move
Stay active. The more you see the more you learn. The more learn the more ideas you have. The more ideas you have, the more chance you come up with something that will earn or save you money.

Lastly, for those are being retrencehed and pay-cutted please be patients and re-pattern your journey of life. May this unimportant article can guide even one word in approaching your life's journey. I end up with thank you for reading.

Resource;- http://www.wallstreetfighter.com

Pigmentation Disorders
By Ahmed Irshad

Skin is the most important and biggest component of the body. It is a covering and protective layer, and it contributes to the beauty and grace of a person. No other component of the body is as important for personal grooming as hair and skin. The pigmentation process of skin plays an important role in the beauty of skin. Today, people are more conscious about skin care, and precious skin care products are being used for different skin care problems. Skin coloration or pigmentation is the most common skin problem.
Here are some skin diseases and the terms relating to skin care, like pigmentation, hypo-pigmentation, hyper-pigmentation, melanin, and melanocytes.

Vitiligo
Vitiligo is most common pigmentation disorder due to the hypo-pigmentation in skin. Vitiligo causes white patches on skin and it has been observed, in these patches melanocytes (skin cells that produces melanin) cells are not found. About 2 percent of the total population is suffering from this pigmentation disorder and the causes of vitiligo are still not known with certainty. However, this is understood that the major causes of vitiligo is destruction of melanocytes cells and resulting in the lack of melanin.

Albinism
Albinism is also an example of hypo-pigmentation, but unlike vitiligo is totally inherited disorder and all the body is universally depigmented. Vitiligo and Albinism are skin conditions due to the depigmenation of skin or lack of skin coloring. And there are some other skin condition that resemble these, except a large number of skin problems are due to the hyper-pigmentation in skin.

Pigmentation of Skin

Process responsible of maintaining the natural coloration of skin is termed as pigmentation of skin. The irregularities in the pigmentation of process of skin are generally termed as depigmentation or hyper-pigmentation etc. Skin is not only the covering and bordering layering of body it gives great contribution to the beauty and grace of a person.

Hyper-pigmentation

Pigmentation disorder in which dark spot appears on skin and skin became darker as compare to its surrounding is termed as hyper-pigmentation. A common example of hyper-pigmentation is melasma in which dark spots appear on the cheeks and top of nose.

Main cause of this is the too much sun exposure.Hypo-pigmentation More than 2 percent population is suffering from such disease, which causes white patches on skin. Why white patches appear in skin, such problems normally referred as depigmentation of skin. In depigmentation the skin becomes lighter as compared to its surrounding. Example of skin condition causes depigmentation are nevus depigmentosus (quite stable scars may appear any part of body), Pityriasis Alba (a common condition in children), Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis, vitiligo, and white scars due to injuries.

Normally these conditions are termed as pigmentation disorders. Another term hypopigmentation is also resembled as we describe depigmentation.

Melanin

A coloring substance in our bodies is called melanin. It protects body from absorbing harmful Ultra Violet rays. The special skin cells that produce melanin called melanocytes.
Melanin play an important role in pigmentation or depigmentation of skin. If the body produces too much melanin, it causes hyper-pigmentation and in inverse case if produces low melanin it causes hypo pigmentation in skin.

Causes: Most frequent cause of pigmentation problems are the internal and related to the immune system of the body.

20 Most Bizarre Houses around the world

1. The Upside-Down House, in Szymbark (Poland). The house was created by Daniel Czapiewski to describe the former communist era and the present times in which we live.

2. The Toilet-shaped house, in Suwon (South Korea). South Korean sanitation activists marked the start of a global toilet association right here on November 21, 2007, by lifting the lid on the world's first lavatory-shaped home that offers plenty of water closet space.

3. The Teapot Dome, in Zillah (WA, USA). It was built in 1922 as a reminder of the Teapot Dome Scandal involving President Warren G. Harding and a federal petroleum reserve in Wyoming.

4. The Strawberry house, in Tokyo (Japan).

5. The Steel House, in Lubbock (Texas, USA). Architect and sculptor Robert Bruno spent 23 years building this strange home that looks like a giant pig out of 110 tons of steel.

6. The Spaceship House, in Chattanooga (TN, USA).

7. The Shoe House in Hellam (Pennsylvania, USA). It was an actual guesthouse (3 bedroom, 2 baths, a kitchen and a living room) of a local shoe magnate, Mahlon N. Haines. After his death, it was an ice cream parlor for a while, and now it is a museum.



8. The Pickle Barrel House, in Michigan (USA).

9. The One Log House, in Garberville (California, USA). It is a one-bedroom house hollowed out from a single log that came from a 2,100-year old redwood tree. After felling this 13 foot diameter forest giant, Art Schmock and a helper needed 8 months of hard labor to hollow out the log into a room 7 ft. high and 32 ft. long, weighing about 42 tons.

10 & 11. The Nautilus House, in Mexico DF (Mexico), is a seashell-inspired abode built by designed by Senosiain Arquitectos for a couple.

12. The Mushroom House, in Cincinnati (Ohio, USA).

13. The Kvivik Igloo, in Kvivik (Faroe Islands).

14. The Kettle House, in Texas (USA).

15. The Fallingwater, in Pennsylvania (USA). It was designed by American architect Frank Lloyd Wright in 1935 and built partly over a waterfall.

16. The Errante's Guest House, in Chile.

17. The Eliphante Art House, in Cornville (AZ, USA). Artist Michael Kahn and his wife Leda Livant built it from found materials piece by piece.

18. The Cube houses, in Rotterdam (Holland). All of this 32 cube houses are attached to each other. Designed by architect Piet Blom in 1984, each cube house has three floors.

19. The Bubble House in Cannes (France). In the early eighties, fashion designer Pierre Cardin bought this atypical summer house built by architect Antti Lovag.

20. The Boeing 727 House, in Benoit (Mississippi, USA). The plane set Joanne Ussary back $2,000.00, cost $4,000.00 to move, and $24,000.00 to renovate. The stairs open with a garage door remote, and one of the bathrooms is still intact. And let’s not forget the personal jacuzzi in the cockpit.

Billie Holiday — one of the jazz world's greatest names — never even learned to read music. But, she loved jazz and cut her teeth on singing along with Bessie Smith or Louis Armstrong records in afterhours clubs in Baltimore. Holiday moved to NY with her mother in the 1930s; she sang in Harlem nightclubs, where she was spotted by John Hammond, who was responsible for her first big break: cutting a record as part of a group of singers led by Benny Goodman. With a trademark white gardenia in her hair, "Lady Day" (as she was known) sang songs like "The Man I Love," "Porgy," "Strange Fruit" and "God Bless the Child." Billie Holiday was born in 1915.

"The Man I Love"

Someday he'll come along, The man I love
And he'll be big and strong, The man I love
And when he comes my way
I'll do my best to make him stay
He'll look at me and smile, I'll understand
Then in a little while, He'll take my hand
And though it seems absurd
I know we both won't say a word

Maybe I shall meet him Sunday,
Maybe Monday, maybe not
Still I'm sure to meet him one day
Maybe Tuesday will be my good news day

He'll build a little home, That's meant for two
From which I'll never roam, Who would, would you
And so all else above
I'm dreaming of the man I love

"Color vision and colorimetry"

Human eyes have color receptors known as cone cells, of which there are three types. In some cases, one is missing or faulty, which can cause color blindness, including the common inability to distinguish red and yellow from green, known as deuteranopia or red–green color blindness.Green is restful to the eye. Studies show that a green environment can reduce fatigue.

The perception of green is evoked by light having a spectrum dominated by energy with a wavelength of roughly 520–570 nm. The sensitivity of the dark-adapted human eye is greatest at about 507 nm, a blue-green color, while the light-adapted eye is most sensitive about 555 nm, a slightly yellowish green; these are the peak locations of the rod and cone (scotopic and photopic, respectively) luminosity functions.

Green is considered one of the additive primary colors, along with red and blue. Additive combination of primary colors can produce most colors. In subtractive color mixtures, green is created by mixing yellow and blue pigments or dyes. On the HSV color wheel, the complement of green is magenta; that is, a color corresponding to an equal mixture of red and blue light (one of the purples). On a traditional color wheel, based on subtractive color, the complementary color to green is considered to be red.

15 Most Strange Buildings of the World

1. The Crooked House (Sopot, Poland)


2. Forest Spiral - Hundertwasser Building (Darmstadt, Germany)


3. The Torre Galatea Figueres (Spain)


4. Ferdinand Cheval Palace a.k.a Ideal Palace (France)


5. The Basket Building (Ohio, United States)


6. Kansas City Public Library (Missouri, United States)


7. Wonderworks (Orlando, Florida, United States)


8. Habitat 67 (Montreal, Canada)


9. Cubic Houses (Rotterdam, Netherlands)


10. Hang Nga Guesthou se a.k.a Crazy House (Vietnam)


11. The Ufo House (Sanjhih, Taiwan)


12. Nakagin Capsule Tower (Tokyo, Japan)


13. Erwin Wurm: House Attack (Viena, Austria)



14. Wooden Gagster House (Archangelsk, Russia)


15. Ripley's Building (Ontario, Canada)

Luigi Boccherini, born on this date in 1743, was a cellist and the prolific composer of more than 400 works: these included four cello concertos, about 90 string quartets and about 125 string quintets (more string quintets than any other composer). Most of his string quintets were written for two violins, one viola and two cellos. Boccherini's most famous piece is the minuet from his "String Quintet in E, Opus 13." It has been used as background music in dozens of films, including In Her Shoes, Shanghai Knights, Ace Ventura: When Nature Calls and The Time of Their Lives.

Quote: "Music is the divine way to tell beautiful, poetic things to the heart." — Pablo Casals"

"Cello"
The name cello is an abbreviation of the Italian violoncello, which means "little violone", referring to the violone ("big viol"), the lowest-pitched instrument of the viol family, the group of string instruments that were superseded by the violin family. Thus, the name carries both an augmentative "-one" ("big") and a diminutive "-cello" ("little"). Cellos are tuned in fifths, starting with C2 (two octaves below middle C) as the lowest string, followed by G2, D3, and A3. It is tuned the same way as the viola, only an octave lower.

The cello is most closely associated with European classical music, and has been described as the closest sounding instrument to the human voice. The instrument is a part of the standard orchestra and is the bass voice of the string quartet, as well as being part of many other chamber groups. A large number of concertos and sonatas have been written for the cello. The instrument is less common in popular music, but is sometimes featured in pop and rock recordings. The cello has also recently appeared in major hip-hop and R & B performances, such as singers Rihanna and Ne-Yo's performance at the American Music Awards. The instrument has also been modified for Indian classical music by Nancy Lesh and Saskia Rao-de Haas.

Among the most well-known Baroque works for the cello are J. S. Bach's six unaccompanied Suites. From the Classical era, the two concertos by Joseph Haydn in C major and D major stand out, as do the five sonatas for cello and pianoforte of Beethoven which span the important three periods of his compositional evolution. Romantic era repertoire includes the Schumann Concerto, the Dvořák Concerto and the two sonatas by Brahms. Compositions from the early 20th century include Elgar's Cello Concerto in E minor, unaccompanied cello sonatas by Zoltán Kodály and Paul Hindemith. The cello's versatility made it popular with composers in the mid- to late twentieth century such as Prokofiev, Shostakovich, Britten, Ligeti and Dutilleux, encouraged by soloists who specialized in contemporary music (such as Siegfried Palm and Mstislav Rostropovich) commissioning from and collaborating with composers.

Violoncello da spalla
The violoncello da spalla (sometimes "violoncello piccolo da spalla" or "violoncello da span") was the first cello referred to in print (by Jambe de Fer in 1556). "Violone" means a larger "viola" (viol), while "-cello" in Italian is a diminutive and spalla means "shoulder" in Italian so that violoncello da spalla suggest a "little big violin" that may be held on the shoulder so that the player could perform while walking or that the early, short-necked instrument was hung across the shoulder by a strap. By the turn of the twentieth century, it had grown customary to abbreviate the name violoncello to 'cello, with the apostrophe indicating the six missing prefix letters. It now is acceptable to use the name "cello" without the apostrophe and as a full designation.

Body
The cello is typically made from wood, although other materials such as carbon fiber or aluminum may be used. A traditional cello has a spruce top, with maple for the back, sides, and neck. Other woods, such as poplar or willow, are sometimes used for the back and sides. Less expensive cellos frequently have tops and backs made of laminated wood.

The top and back are traditionally hand-carved, though less expensive cellos are often machine-produced. The sides, or ribs, are made by heating the wood and bending it around forms. The cello body has a wide top bout, narrow middle formed by two C-bouts, and wide bottom bout, with the bridge and sound holes just below the middle.

The top and back of the cello has decorative border inlay known as purfling. Purfling looks attractive, but is not just for decoration. If a cello is dropped or bumped against something so that damage occurs, the purfling can stop cracks from forming. A crack may form at the rim of the instrument, but will spread no further. Without purfling, cracks can spread up or down the top or back. Playing, traveling and the weather all affect the cello and can increase a crack if purfling is not in place. Less expensive instruments typically have the purfling painted on.

Neck, pegbox, and scroll
Above the main body is the carved neck, which leads to a pegbox and the scroll. The neck, pegbox, and scroll are normally carved out of a single piece of wood. Attached to the neck and extending over the body of the instrument is the fingerboard. The nut is a raised piece of wood, where the fingerboard meets the pegbox, which the strings rest on. The pegbox houses four tuning pegs, one for each string. The pegs are used to tune the cello by either tightening or loosening the string. The scroll is a traditional part of the cello and all other members of the violin family. Ebony is usually used for the tuning pegs, fingerboard, and nut, but other hard woods, such as boxwood or rosewood, can be used.

Strings
Strings on a cello have cores made out of gut, metal, or synthetic materials, such as Perlon. Most modern strings used today are also wound with metallic materials like aluminum, titanium and chromium. Cellists may mix different types of strings on their instruments.

Tailpiece and endpin
The tailpiece and endpin are found in the lower part of the cello. The tailpiece is traditionally made of ebony or another hard wood, but can also be made of plastic or steel. It attaches the strings to the lower end of the cello, and can have one or more fine tuners. The endpin or spike is made of wood, metal or rigid carbon fiber and supports the cello in playing position. In the Baroque period the cello was held between the calves. Around the 1830s, the Belgian cellist Auguste Adrien Servais introduced the endpin and propagated its use. Modern endpins are retractable and adjustable; older ones were removed when not in use. (The word "endpin" sometimes also refers to the button of wood located at this place in all instruments in the violin family, but this is usually called "tailpin". The sharp tip of the cello's endpin is sometimes capped with a rubber tip that protects the tip from dulling and prevents the cello from slipping on the floor.

The bridge of a cello, with a mute
The bridge holds the strings above the cello and transfers their vibrations to the top of the instrument and the soundpost inside. The bridge is not glued, but rather held in place by the tension of the strings. The f-holes, named for their shape, are located on either side of the bridge, and allow air to move in and out of the instrument as part of the sound-production process. The f-holes also act as access points to the interior of the cello for repairs or maintenance. Sometimes a small hose containing a water-soaked sponge, called a Dampit, is inserted through the f-holes, and serves as a humidifier.

Internal features
Internally, the cello has two important features: a bass bar, which is glued to the underside of the top of the instrument, and a round wooden sound post, which is wedged between the top and bottom plates. The bass bar, found under the bass foot of the bridge, serves to support the cello's top and distribute the vibrations. The sound post, found under the treble side of the bridge, connects the back and front of the cello. Like the bridge, the sound post is not glued, but is kept in place by the tensions of the bridge and strings. Together, the bass bar and sound post transfer the strings' vibrations to the top (front) of the instrument (and to a lesser extent the back), acting as a diaphragm to produce the instrument's sound.

Glue
Cellos are constructed and repaired using hide glue, which is strong but reversible, allowing for disassembly when needed. Tops may be glued on with diluted glue, since some repairs call for the removal of the top. Theoretically, hide glue is weaker than the body's wood, so as the top or back shrinks side-to-side, the glue holding it will let go, avoiding a crack in the plate.

A cello bow
Traditionally, bows are made from pernambuco or brazilwood. Both come from the same species of tree (Caesalpina echinata), but pernambuco, used for higher-quality bows, is the heartwood of the tree and is darker in color than brazilwood (which is sometimes stained to compensate). Pernambuco is a heavy, resinous wood with great elasticity which makes it an ideal wood for instrument bows.

Bow sticks are also made from carbon-fiber, which is stronger than wood. Inexpensive, low-quality student bows are often made from fiberglass. An average cello bow is 73 cm long (shorter than a violin or viola bow) 3 cm high (from the frog to the stick) and 1.5 cm wide. The frog of a cello bow typically has a rounded corner like that of a viola bow, but is wider. A cello bow is roughly 10 grams heavier than a viola bow, which in turn is roughly 10 g heavier than a violin bow.
The bow hair is horsehair, though synthetic hair in different colors is also available. The hair is coated with rosin by the player to make it grip the strings and cause them to vibrate. Bows need to be re-haired periodically, especially if the hairs break frequently or lose their gripping quality. The hair is kept under tension while playing by a screw which pulls the frog (the part of the bow under the hand) back.

Development
The cello developed from the bass violin, first referred to by Jambe de Fer in 1556, which was originally a three-string instrument. The first instance of a composer specifying the bass violin may have been Gabrieli in Sacrae symphoniae, 1597.[citation needed] Monteverdi referred to the instrument as "basso de viola da braccio" in Orfeo (1607). Although the first bass violin, possibly invented by Amati as early as 1538, was most likely inspired by the viol, it was created to be used in consorts with the violin. The bass violin was actually often referred to as a "violone," or "large viola," as were the viols of the same period. Instruments that share features with both the bass violin and the viola de gamba appear in Italian art of the early 1500s...

The invention of wire-wound strings (fine wire around a thin gut core), around 1660 in Bologna, allowed for a finer bass sound than was possible with purely gut strings on such a short body. Bolognese makers exploited this new technology to create the cello, a somewhat smaller instrument suitable for solo repertoire due to both the timbre of the instrument and the fact that the smaller size made it easier to play virtuosic passages. This instrument had disadvantages as well, however. The cello's light sound was not as suitable for church and ensemble playing, so it had to be doubled by basses or violones.

Around 1700, Italian players popularized the cello in northern Europe, although the bass violin (basse de violon) continued to be used for another two decades in France.[citation needed] Many existing bass violins were literally cut down in size in order to convert them into cellos according to the smaller pattern cello as developed by Stradivari, who also made a number of old pattern large cello's (the 'Servais').[4] The bass violin remained the "most used" instrument in England as late as 1740, where the violoncello was still "not common." The sizes, names, and tunings of the cello varied widely by geography and time. The size was not standardized until around 1750.

Despite similarities to the viola da gamba, the cello is actually part of the viola da braccio family, meaning "viol of the arm", which includes, among others, the violin and viola. Though paintings like Bruegel's "The Rustic Wedding" and de Fer in his Epitome Musical suggest that the bass violin had alternate playing positions, these were short-lived and the more practical and ergonomic a gamba position eventually replaced them entirely.

Baroque era cellos differed from the modern instrument in several ways. The neck has a different form and angle which matches the baroque bass-bar and stringing. Modern cellos have an endpin at the bottom to support the instrument (and transmit some of the sound through the floor), while Baroque cellos are held only by the calves of the player. Modern bows curve in and are held at the frog; Baroque bows curve out and are held closer to the bow's point of balance. Modern strings normally have a metal core, although some use a synthetic core; Baroque strings are made of gut, with the G and C strings wire-wound. Modern cellos often have fine-tuners connecting the strings to the tailpiece, which make it much easier to tune the instrument. Overall, the modern instrument has much higher string tension than the Baroque cello, resulting in a louder, more projecting tone, with fewer overtones.

No educational works specifically devoted to the cello existed before the 18th century, and those that do exist contain little value to the performer beyond simple accounts of instrumental technique. The earliest cello manual is Michel Corrette's Méthode, thèorique et pratique pour apprendre en peu de temps le violoncelle dans sa perfection (Paris, 1741).

Playing technique
Seated Cellist

Body position

The cello is played while seated. Its weight is supported mainly by its endpin or spike, which rests on the floor; it is steadied on the lower bout between the knees of the seated player, and on the upper bout against the upper chest. The neck of the cello is above the player's left shoulder, and the C-String tuning peg is just behind the left ear. The bow is drawn horizontally across the strings. In early times, female cellists sometimes played side-saddle, since it was considered improper for a lady to part her knees in public. A player's handedness does not alter the way the cello is held or used. In exceedingly rare cases the cello has been played in a mirror-image posture: this is usually because of a physical disability of one of the player's arms or hands which makes the required technique impossible for that side of the body. In such a situation, the player must decide whether or not to reverse the set-up of the cello (the string positions, bass-bar, sound post, fingerboard shape, and bridge carving are all asymmetrical).

Left hand technique
The position of the left hand fingers along the strings determine the pitch of the note. The closer to the bridge that the string is depressed, the higher in pitch will be the resulting sound, because the vibrating string length has been shortened. In the neck positions (which use just less than half of the fingerboard, nearest the top of the instrument), the thumb rests on the back of the neck; in thumb position (a general name for notes on the remainder of the fingerboard) the thumb usually rests alongside the fingers on the string and the side of the thumb is used to play notes. The fingers are normally held curved with each knuckle bent, with the fingertips in contact with the string. If a finger is required on two (or more) strings at once to play perfect fifths (in double stops or chords) it is used flat. In slower, or more expressive playing, the contact point can move slightly away from the nail to the pad of the finger, allowing a fuller vibrato.

Vibrato
Vibrato is a small oscillation in the pitch of a note, usually considered expressive. It is created by a partial rotation of the upper arm at the shoulder joint, which translates into a linear oscillation of the lower arm. The fixed point of contact of the fingertip on the string absorbs this motion by rocking back and forth. It is this change in the attitude of the fingertip to the string which causes the pitch to vary. Vibrato is a key expressive device, and a well-developed vibrato technique is an essential element of a modern cellist's skill. In some styles of music, such as that of the Romantic period, vibrato may be used on almost every note. However, in other styles, such as Baroque repertoire, vibrato is used only rarely, as an ornament. In any case, the choice of whether to use vibrato, and how much, is normally a stylistic decision on the part of the player. Typically, the lower the pitch of the note played, the wider and slower the vibrato.

Harmonics
Harmonics played on the cello fall into two classes; natural and artificial. Natural harmonics are produced by lightly touching (but not depressing) the string with the finger at certain places, and then bowing (or, rarely, plucking) the string. For example, the halfway point of the string will produce a harmonic that is one octave above the unfingered (open) string. Natural harmonics only produce notes that are part of the harmonic series for the string on which they occur. Artificial harmonics (also called False harmonics), in which the player depresses the string fully with one finger while touching the same string lightly with another finger, can produce any notes above middle C. They usually appear with the touching note a perfect fourth above the stopped note, which produces a sound two octaves above the stopped note, although other intervals are available. All harmonics produce a distinctive flute-like sound, and are usually performed without vibrato.

Glissando
Glissando ("sliding", in Italian) is an effect played by sliding the finger up or down the fingerboard without releasing the string. This causes the pitch to rise and fall smoothly, without separate, discernible steps.

Right hand technique
In cello playing, the bow is much like the breath of a wind instrument player. Arguably, it is the major determinant in the expressiveness of the playing. The right hand holds the bow and controls the duration and character of the notes. The bow is drawn across the strings roughly halfway between the end of the fingerboard and the bridge, in a direction perpendicular to the strings. The bow is held with all five fingers of the right hand, the thumb opposite the fingers and closer to the cellist's body. The shape of the hand should resemble that of its relaxed state, with all fingers curved, including the thumb. The transmission of weight from the arm to the bow happens through the pronation (inward rotation) of the forearm, which pushes the index finger and to a lesser degree the middle finger onto the bow. The necessary counterforce is provided by the thumb. Depending upon the school of training, the other two fingers are used in various degrees to help maintain the angle of the bow to the string and are critical to controlling the bow when it is off the string.

In English, the terminology for bow direction (down and up) can be misleading. A downbow is drawn to the right of the player, and an upbow to the left. A downbow is drawn by first using the upper arm, then the forearm, then the wrist (turning slightly inward) in order to maintain a straight stroke. An upbow is drawn by moving first the forearm, then the upper arm, then the wrist (pushing slightly upward). The bow is mostly used perpendicular to the string being played. In order to perform string changes the whole arm is either lowered or lifted, with as little wrist movement as possible in order to maintain the angle to the string. However, flexibility of the wrist is necessary when changing the bow direction from up-bow to down-bow and vice versa. For very fast bow movements, the wrist is used to accomplish the horizontal movement of bow. For longer strokes, the arm is used as well as the wrist.

Tone production and volume of sound depend on a combination of several factors. The three most important ones are: bow speed, weight applied to the string, and point of contact of the bow hair with the string. A good player will be capable of a very even tone, and will counter the natural tendency to play with the most force with the part of the bow nearest to the frog or heel, and the least force near the tip. The closer to the bridge the string is bowed, the more projecting and brighter the tone, with the extreme (sul ponticello) producing a metallic, shimmery sound. If bowing closer to the fingerboard (sul tasto), the sound produced will be softer, more mellow, and less defined.

Double stops
Double stops involve the playing of two notes at the same time. Two strings are fingered simultaneously, and the bow is drawn so as to sound them both at once. Triple and quadruple stops may also be played (in a "broken" fashion), but are difficult to sustain because of the change in slope of the bridge. To extend the technique in this area, Frances-Marie Uitti has invented a two-bow system: one bow plays above the strings and one below, allowing for sustained triple and quadruple stops. However, this technique is very rarely seen or used.

Pizzicato
In pizzicato playing, the string is plucked directly with the fingers or thumb. Usually this is done with the right hand, while the bow is held away from the strings by the rest of the hand or (for extended passages) set down. A single string can be played pizzicato, or double, triple, or quadruple stops can be played. Occasionally, a player must bow one string with the right hand and simultaneously pluck another with the left. This is marked by a "+" above the note. Strumming of chords is also possible, in guitar fashion.

Col legno
Col legno is the technique in which the player uses the wood rather than the hair of the bow on the strings; it takes two different forms, col legno battuto and col legno tratto. Col legno battuto is performed as a percussive technique with no sustaining of the sound. The much less common alternative is col legno tratto, wherein the wood is drawn across the string as the hair is in a normal bow stroke.

Spiccato
In spiccato playing, the strings are not "drawn" by the bow hair but struck by it, while still retaining some horizontal motion, to generate a more percussive, crisp sound. It may be performed by using the wrist to "dip" the bow into the strings. Spiccato is usually associated with lively playing. On a violin, spiccato bowing comes off the string, but on a cello, the wood of the bow may rise briskly up without the hair actually leaving the string. While playing spiccato, the bow is literally bouncing off the string. Cello players simply "dip" the bow into the string, and touch it very fast, and then lift the bow off the string.

Staccato
In staccato, the player moves the bow a small distance and stops it on the string, making a short sound, the rest of the written duration being taken up by silence.

Legato
Legato is a technique where the notes are smoothly connected without accents or breaks.

Sul ponticello/sul tasto
Sul ponticello "on the bridge" refers to bowing closer to the bridge, while sul tasto "on the fingerboard" calls for bowing nearer the end of the fingerboard. Ponticello calls for more bow weight and slower bow speed, and produces a "harder" sound, with strong overtone content. Sul tasto, in extreme cases called "flautando," produces a more flute-like sound, with more emphasis on the fundamental frequency of the note, and softer overtones.

Special Links of Cello's
http://www.breakofreality.com
http://www.extreme-cello.com
http://blastyourpodcast.com/